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Coronavirus UK: Infection rates are doubling every three days

The home of Welsh rugby union is to be turned into the fourth emergency hospital to deal with an onslaught of coronavirus cases.

The Principality Stadium has been offered to NHS Wales as a makeshift field hospital to provide 2,000 extra beds should hospitals in the Cardiff area become overwhelmed.

It comes as the UK’s coronavirus death toll jumped by a third to 759 after officials announced 181 more victims of the killer infection in the biggest daily rise yet. 

Health chiefs also confirmed almost 15,000 Britons have now caught the virus.

The Principality Stadium is to be turned into the fourth emergency hospital to deal with an onslaught of coronavirus cases

Emergency vehicles were seen outside the ExCel centre in London which is being made into another temporary hospital

Emergency vehicles were seen outside the ExCel centre in London which is being made into another temporary hospital

Clinicians from the Cardiff and Vale University Health Board are working with the managers of the iconic stadium and a range of specialist contractors to create the new facility.

As well as Cardiff, other field hospitals are also being set up across the UK.

London’s ExCel Centre will be able to hold 4,000 patients, while the National Exhibition Centre in Birmingham and Manchester’s Central Convention Centre will also be transformed. 

Another Welsh rugby ground – Parc y Scarlets in Llanelli, Carmarthenshire – will become a temporary hospital ward.

Len Richards, chief executive of the Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, said: ‘It is difficult looking at the numbers to appreciate the size and the scale of the task ahead of us in the NHS.

‘We have been using the past few weeks wisely in order to put structures and processes in place across our main hospital sites, University Hospital Wales and University Hospital Llandough.’

He added: ‘I understand the concern that this will cause, not only in the community but among my staff too.

‘We are planning on the basis of what we think we might need to ensure we are as ready as we can be.

‘I sincerely hope we don’t need to use all of the capacity but it is far better to have developed plans based upon the scientific evidence and modelling of the experts.

Michael Gove has admitted coronavirus infection rates are double every three days in the UK and two more emergency hospitals will be built to deal with the crisis

Michael Gove has admitted coronavirus infection rates are double every three days in the UK and two more emergency hospitals will be built to deal with the crisis

‘The staffing levels and type of patients received at the hospital is part of our planning and is constantly being refined in line with the trajectory of the coronavirus.

‘The facility will allow us to free up capacity at our other hospital sites so that we can continue to provide services to patients with other health conditions.’

Vaughan Gething, Welsh Government minister for health and social services, said: ‘Health boards are working closely with Welsh Government to take all possible steps to prepare Wales for the coronavirus and that involves preparing for the worst-case scenario modelling.

‘I have made £8 million in capital funding available to Cardiff and Vale to help with that planning for hospital and community beds.

‘Cardiff and Vale, along with health boards across Wales, are working hard to get ready to look after and treat people who become sick and are looking at venues like the Principality Stadium to provide space for hospital and community beds in the coming weeks.’

The stadium is owned and operated by the Welsh Rugby Union.

The Cabinet minister announced a hospital was being built inside Birmingham's National Exhibition Centre (shown)

The Cabinet minister announced a hospital was being built inside Birmingham’s National Exhibition Centre (shown)

Another would be assembled in and Manchester's Central Convention Centre (pictured) to cope with the onslaught of cases

Another would be assembled in and Manchester’s Central Convention Centre (pictured) to cope with the onslaught of cases

Chief executive Martyn Phillips added: ‘We have made the entire Principality Stadium available to be used based on NHS requirements, including hospitality areas and a variety of further rooms and facilities.

‘It is a privilege to be able to offer our services, facilities and a significant number of operational staff, at their individual choice, to help at this time of national emergency and we have made advanced plans to transform relevant spaces into fully functional hospital environments.’

Meanwhile, the Bluestone national park resort in Pembrokeshire will become a recovery centre for coronavirus patients.

Dr Phil Kloer, medical director of the Hywel Dda University Health Board, said: ‘We have followed the situation in Italy closely to learn where possible and to help our planning.

‘Delivering these additional beds for patients will therefore be essential to help us manage patient flow over the coming weeks.’ 

Michael Gove  yesterday revealed the two new the ‘NHS Nightingale’ hospitals that are being built inside Birmingham’s National Exhibition Centre and Manchester’s Central Convention Centre to cope with the onslaught of cases.

Mr Gove – who was standing in for Boris Johnson at the Government’s daily news briefing after the PM tested positive for the disease –  said the stark figures highlighted the need for people to stay at home. 

He told the Downing Street conference: ‘The best scientific advice now is that the rate has been doubling every few days.

‘These figures are a powerful reminder of the need for all of us to act. We need to slow the spread of the virus.

‘This is a united national effort and the spirit of selflessness shown by so many is truly inspiring.’ 

Standing alongside Mr Gove was NHS chief executive Sir Simon Stevens, who announced the two hospitals. 

London’s ExCel centre is already under construction to be transformed into a new 4,000 bed coronavirus field hospital.

Military planners are working with Health Service officials to create the new hospital in the capital from scratch to accommodate rising numbers of patients. 

Military planners are working with Health Service officials to create the new hospital from scratch to accommodate rising numbers of patients. Pictured a lorry brings in beds for the new temporary hospital at the ExCel centre

Military planners are working with Health Service officials to create the new hospital from scratch to accommodate rising numbers of patients. Pictured a lorry brings in beds for the new temporary hospital at the ExCel centre

Health Secretary Matt Hancock announced earlier this week that the ExCeL site in London would become a new temporary hospital due to the coronavirus outbreak

Health Secretary Matt Hancock announced earlier this week that the ExCeL site in London would become a new temporary hospital due to the coronavirus outbreak

Military personnel move supplies at the ExCel centre in London which is being made into a temporary hospital - the NHS Nightingale hospital

Military personnel move supplies at the ExCel centre in London which is being made into a temporary hospital – the NHS Nightingale hospital

HEALTH SECRETARY MATT HANCOCK AND BORIS CONFIRM THEY HAVE CORONAVIRUS 

Coronavirus arrived at the heart of power today as Boris Johnson and Health Secretary Matt Hancock dramatically announced they are suffering from the disease.

The bombshell news threatens to send the government’s response into chaos, with speculation rampant over who else might be infected at the highest echelons of the state. 

The politicians are believed to have carried out a slew of face-to-face meetings over the past week. But Downing Street insists there is no need for other ministers or officials to get checked unless they start displaying symptoms. 

The drama kicked off this morning when Mr Johnson declared he had coronavirus.  Chief Medical Officer Chris Whitty advised him to get a test after he developed a temperature and cough yesterday afternoon.

The 55-year-old insisted he only has ‘mild’ symptoms’, and will be continuing to lead the national response over video-conference. The PM will stay in his flat in No11 – from where he chaired a meeting of the ‘war Cabinet’ this morning – and aides will leave meals and work outside the door.  

Within hours Mr Hancock then revealed he also has the virus. ‘I’ve tested positive. Thankfully my symptoms are mild and I’m working from home & self-isolating,’ he tweeted. Mr Hancock had been expected to appear at the daily government press briefing this evening, but Michael Gove is now likely to fill in.  

Despite the government’s own guidance saying people must self-isolate for 14 days if anyone in their ‘household’ develops symptoms, no senior figures – such as Chancellor Rishi Sunak who was with the PM last night or chief aide Dominic Cummings – are thought to be going into isolation. Mr Cummings was seen making a hasty exit from Downing Street today carrying a rucksack.  

Mr Johnson’s pregnant partner Carrie Symonds is believed to be in self-isolation, although it is not known when they last saw each other or if she has been checked. 

In a video, Mr Johnson said: ‘Hi folks I want to bring you up to speed on something that is happening today which is that I have developed mild symptoms of coronavirus, that is to say a temperature and a persistent cough, and on the advice of the chief medical officer I have taken a test. 

… NOW ENGLAND’S CHIEF MEDICAL OFFICER AND HEAD OF PUBLIC HEALTH ENGLAND TEST POSITIVE TOO  

England’s Chief Medical Officer Professor Christ Whitty – who is leading the UK’s fight against the outbreak – is also self-isolating at home after coming down with mild symptoms.

Professor Whitty, who has been standing alongside the Prime Minister at his daily coronavirus news briefings, tweeted that he would be staying at home for the next seven days – just hours after Boris confirmed his diagnosis. 

Duncan Selbie, chief executive of Public Health England, started to develop tell-tale symptoms of COVID-19 at the weekend, a spokesperson for Public Health England said.

He is continuing to lead the health body from the comfort of his own home

The exhibition centre, in East London, will become the NHS Nightingale Hospital, with 4,000 beds.

The facility should be up and running by Saturday, April 4. 

It comes as work begins on plans to turn part of another Welsh rugby ground into a temporary hospital ward.

Parc y Scarlets in Llanelli, Carmarthenshire, will provide additional bed space for hundreds of people on the turf of its indoor training pitch, with the aim of being ready for an anticipated peak in demand in May.

The wooden foundations of the makeshift ward now cover the green turf of the pitch, normally used by the Scarlets rugby team, and will soon will be under the management of doctors and nurses from Hywel Dda University Health Board.

Both moves – which are similar to the creation of the 1,000-bed field hospital seen in Wuhan, China, earlier in the crisis – are aimed at treating coronavirus patients as regular hospitals come under greater pressure.

Michael Gove used the press conference to promise to ramp up the UK’s testing capacity – something the Government has been repeatedly slammed for. 

Currently tests are only routinely given to people so ill they have to go into hospital, or those who are already on wards – even NHS staff don’t get tested. 

Only 8,000 tests are conducted each day. Mr Gove said the Government has brought together universities, businesses and research institutes in a ‘new alliance’ to boost testing capacity for frontline workers.

The Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster said: ‘Today I can announce that the Prime Minister has brought together businesses, research institutes and universities in a new alliance to boost testing capacity for frontline workers.

‘This will be antigen testing – testing whether people currently have the disease – so that our health and social care workers can have security in the knowledge that they are safe to return to work if their test is negative.

‘These tests will be trialled for people on the frontline starting immediately, with hundreds to take place by the end of the weekend – dramatically scaling up next week.’

It’s unclear who will be providing the hundreds of antigen tests over the weekend. 

The Government awarded Bedfordshire-based firm Mologic £1million to make the tests but they are still months away from being ready for mass use. 

Sir Simon used the briefing to applaud the public for the Clap For Carers effort, saying it would have meant an ‘enormous amount’ to NHS staff to know the ‘whole country is behind them’.

He said in the last two weeks 18,000 doctors and nurses have returned to practise registers after ‘answering the calls to arms’.

‘It was therefore very gratifying for our staff across the NHS to see this remarkable outpouring in the Clap For Carers last night,’ he said.

‘For many nurses coming home from a day at hospital or for other staff returning to start again for the night shift it would have meant an enormous amount to know that the whole country is behind them.’

He also said that across England there are now 33,000 hospital beds available to treat coronavirus patients.

Currently, there are 6,200 confirmed Covid-19 patients being treated in English hospitals and he said that number is ‘only bound to rise in the coming days’.   

Meanwhile the virus arrived at the heart of power yesterday as Boris Johnson and Health Secretary Matt Hancock dramatically announced they had tested positive for COVID-19. 

Coronavirus arrived at the heart of power as both Boris Johnson and Health Secretary Matt Hancock dramatically announced they are suffering from the disease

Coronavirus arrived at the heart of power as both Boris Johnson and Health Secretary Matt Hancock dramatically announced they are suffering from the disease

Coronavirus arrived at the heart of power as both  Boris Johnson and Health Secretary Matt Hancock dramatically announced they are suffering from the disease

England's Chief Medical Officer Professor Christ Whitty - who is leading the UK's fight against the outbreak - is also self-isolating at home after coming down with mild symptoms

England’s Chief Medical Officer Professor Christ Whitty – who is leading the UK’s fight against the outbreak – is also self-isolating at home after coming down with mild symptoms

Beds set up inside London’s ExCel Centre as the Army helps transform it in into a 4,000-bed coronavirus field hospital

Beds are being put up inside London’s ExCel centre as the Army helps transform it into a new 4,000 bed coronavirus field hospital.

Military planners are working with Health Service officials to create the new hospital from scratch to accommodate rising numbers of patients.

The exhibition centre, in East London, will become the NHS Nightingale Hospital, with 4,000 beds.

The facility should be up and running by Saturday, April 4.

It comes as work begins on plans to turn part of a Welsh rugby ground into a temporary hospital ward amid the coronavirus outbreak.

Parc y Scarlets in Llanelli, Carmarthenshire, will provide additional bed space for hundreds of people on the turf of its indoor training pitch, with the aim of being ready for an anticipated peak in demand in May.

The wooden foundations of the makeshift ward now cover the green turf of the pitch, normally used by the Scarlets rugby team, and will soon will be under the management of doctors and nurses from Hywel Dda University Health Board.

Both moves – which are similar to the creation of the 1,000-bed field hospital seen in Wuhan, China, earlier in the crisis – are aimed at treating coronavirus patients as regular hospitals come under greater pressure.

London is said to be one-and-a-half to two weeks ahead of the rest of the country in terms of virus cases, which is why the Army is focusing its efforts in the capital first. The NEC in Birmingham is among other sites in the rest of the country that are likely also become temporary hospitals in the coming weeks.

Health bosses are identifying staff to be rapidly deployed at the new 4,000-bed field hospital being set to manage a surge in seriously ill coronavirus patients, it has been reported.

Health Secretary Matt Hancock announced earlier this week that the ExCeL site in London will become a temporary hospital equipped with two wards of 2,000 beds to cope with any patient surge in the capital.

It comes as the latest figures showed there were more than 11,600 cases of coronavirus in the UK and 578 deaths from the virus. 

 

England’s Chief Medical Officer Professor Christ Whitty – who is leading the UK’s fight against the outbreak – is also self-isolating at home after coming down with mild symptoms.

Professor Whitty, who has been standing alongside the Prime Minister at his daily coronavirus news briefings, tweeted that he would be staying at home for the next seven days – just hours after Boris confirmed his diagnosis. 

The bombshell news threatens to send the government’s response into chaos, with speculation rampant over which other senior figures could be infected. 

Speculation is now rampant over who else might be infected at the highest echelons of the state. The politicians are believed to have carried out a slew of face-to-face meetings over the past week.  

But Downing Street insists there is no need for other ministers or officials to get checked unless they start displaying symptoms.

The drama kicked off this morning when Mr Johnson declared he had coronavirus. Chief Medical Officer Chris Whitty advised him to get a test after he developed a temperature and cough yesterday afternoon.

The 55-year-old insisted he only has ‘mild’ symptoms’, and will be continuing to lead the national response over video-conference. 

The PM will stay in his flat in No11 – from where he chaired a meeting of the ‘war Cabinet’ this morning – and aides will leave meals and work outside the door.

Within hours Mr Hancock then revealed he also has the virus. ‘I’ve tested positive. Thankfully my symptoms are mild and I’m working from home & self-isolating,’ he tweeted. 

Mr Hancock had been expected to appear at the daily government press briefing this evening, but Michael Gove is 

London is said to be one-and-a-half to two weeks ahead of the rest of the country in terms of virus cases, which is why the Army is focusing its efforts in the capital first. The NEC in Birmingham is among other sites in the rest of the country that are likely also become temporary hospitals in the coming weeks.

Health bosses are identifying staff to be rapidly deployed at the new 4,000-bed field hospital being set to manage a surge in seriously ill coronavirus patients, it has been reported.

Health Secretary Matt Hancock announced earlier this week that the ExCeL site in London will become a temporary hospital equipped with two wards of 2,000 beds to cope with any patient surge in the capital.

It comes as the latest figures showed there were more than 11,600 cases of coronavirus in the UK and 578 deaths from the virus. 

now likely to fill in.

Despite the government’s own guidance saying people must self-isolate for 14 days if anyone in their ‘household’ develops symptoms, no senior figures – such as Chancellor Rishi Sunak who was with the PM last night or chief aide Dominic Cummings – are thought to be going into isolation. Mr Cummings was seen making a hasty exit from Downing Street yesterday carrying a rucksack.

Mr Johnson’s pregnant partner Carrie Symonds is believed to be in self-isolation, although it is not known when they last saw each other or if she has been checked.

In a video, Mr Johnson said: ‘Hi folks I want to bring you up to speed on something that is happening today which is that I have developed mild symptoms of coronavirus, that is to say a temperature and a persistent cough, and on the advice of the chief medical officer I have taken a test.

‘That has come out positive so I am working from home, I am self isolating.

‘That is entirely the right thing to do but be in no doubt that I can continue thanks to the wizardry of modern technology to communicate with all my top team to lead the national fight back against coronavirus.’

Downing Street has previously said that Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab will fill in if the PM is incapacitated, although there is little sign that he has stopped working.

A Downing Street spokesman said: ‘After experiencing mild symptoms yesterday, the Prime Minister was tested for coronavirus on the personal advice of England’s Chief Medical Officer, Professor Chris Whitty.

‘The test was carried out in No10 by NHS staff and the result of the test was positive.

‘In keeping with the guidance, the Prime Minister is self-isolating in Downing Street.

‘He is continuing to lead the government’s response to coronavirus.’

The PM’s spokesman said he would be carry out ‘all of the same functions he was performing before’ and ‘the only difference is he will now have to do that via teleconferencing’.

Mr Johnson’s diagnosis was confirmed around midnight last night.

Mr Hancock said in a video message recorded at his home that he would be self-isolating until next Thursday.

‘Fortunately for me the symptoms so far have been very mild so I’ve been able to carry on with the work driving forward the UK response.

He also said a ‘massive thank you to everybody in the NHS, working in social care and right across the board on the response’.

‘I’ll be continuing to do everything I can to get our carers the support that they need. And I’ll be doing that from here but with no less gusto.’

‘And then from next Thursday, once I’m out of self-isolation and I hope with no more symptoms, then I’ll be able to get back stuck in and into the office where necessary.

‘But the truth is that all of us can learn that working from home can be really, really effective.’

London is regarded as the engine of the outbreak in the UK, and many at Westminster have been struck down with symptoms.

Health minister Nadine Dorries was the first confirmed MP case, and has since recovered and returned to work.

Prince Charles was confirmed as infected with coronavirus earlier this week.

The declared UK death toll rose by 113 to 578 yesterday – the steepest increase yet.

Mr Johnson was outside No10 last night alonside Mr Sunak applauding NHS workers who are combating the virus, in a national show of appreciation.

His spokesman said he thought it was ‘important’ to take part in NHS clap, and he stayed a ‘very significant distance from the Chancellor’.

He chaired a remote meeting of the coronavirus ‘war cabinet’ this morning.

Mr Johnson took PMQs in the Commons on Wednesday, which could raise fears other politicians have been infected, even though people have been well spaced out in the chamber.

Cabinet on Tuesday was also carried out over video conference.

However, senior officials including Cabinet Secretary Sir Mark Sedwill were close to the PM in Downing Street for the meeting.

WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT THE CORONAVIRUS?

What is the coronavirus? 

A coronavirus is a type of virus which can cause illness in animals and people. Viruses break into cells inside their host and use them to reproduce itself and disrupt the body’s normal functions. Coronaviruses are named after the Latin word ‘corona’, which means crown, because they are encased by a spiked shell which resembles a royal crown.

The coronavirus from Wuhan is one which has never been seen before this outbreak. It has been named SARS-CoV-2 by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. The name stands for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2.

Experts say the bug, which has killed around one in 50 patients since the outbreak began in December, is a ‘sister’ of the SARS illness which hit China in 2002, so has been named after it.

The disease that the virus causes has been named COVID-19, which stands for coronavirus disease 2019.

Dr Helena Maier, from the Pirbright Institute, said: ‘Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that infect a wide range of different species including humans, cattle, pigs, chickens, dogs, cats and wild animals. 

‘Until this new coronavirus was identified, there were only six different coronaviruses known to infect humans. Four of these cause a mild common cold-type illness, but since 2002 there has been the emergence of two new coronaviruses that can infect humans and result in more severe disease (Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronaviruses). 

‘Coronaviruses are known to be able to occasionally jump from one species to another and that is what happened in the case of SARS, MERS and the new coronavirus. The animal origin of the new coronavirus is not yet known.’ 

The first human cases were publicly reported from the Chinese city of Wuhan, where approximately 11million people live, after medics first started publicly reporting infections on December 31.

By January 8, 59 suspected cases had been reported and seven people were in critical condition. Tests were developed for the new virus and recorded cases started to surge.

The first person died that week and, by January 16, two were dead and 41 cases were confirmed. The next day, scientists predicted that 1,700 people had become infected, possibly up to 7,000. 

Where does the virus come from?

According to scientists, the virus almost certainly came from bats. Coronaviruses in general tend to originate in animals – the similar SARS and MERS viruses are believed to have originated in civet cats and camels, respectively.

The first cases of COVID-19 came from people visiting or working in a live animal market in Wuhan, which has since been closed down for investigation.

Although the market is officially a seafood market, other dead and living animals were being sold there, including wolf cubs, salamanders, snakes, peacocks, porcupines and camel meat. 

A study by the Wuhan Institute of Virology, published in February 2020 in the scientific journal Nature, found that the genetic make-up virus samples found in patients in China is 96 per cent identical to a coronavirus they found in bats.

However, there were not many bats at the market so scientists say it was likely there was an animal which acted as a middle-man, contracting it from a bat before then transmitting it to a human. It has not yet been confirmed what type of animal this was.

Dr Michael Skinner, a virologist at Imperial College London, was not involved with the research but said: ‘The discovery definitely places the origin of nCoV in bats in China.

‘We still do not know whether another species served as an intermediate host to amplify the virus, and possibly even to bring it to the market, nor what species that host might have been.’  

So far the fatalities are quite low. Why are health experts so worried about it? 

Experts say the international community is concerned about the virus because so little is known about it and it appears to be spreading quickly.

It is similar to SARS, which infected 8,000 people and killed nearly 800 in an outbreak in Asia in 2003, in that it is a type of coronavirus which infects humans’ lungs. It is less deadly than SARS, however, which killed around one in 10 people, compared to approximately one in 50 for COVID-19.

Another reason for concern is that nobody has any immunity to the virus because they’ve never encountered it before. This means it may be able to cause more damage than viruses we come across often, like the flu or common cold.

Speaking at a briefing in January, Oxford University professor, Dr Peter Horby, said: ‘Novel viruses can spread much faster through the population than viruses which circulate all the time because we have no immunity to them.

‘Most seasonal flu viruses have a case fatality rate of less than one in 1,000 people. Here we’re talking about a virus where we don’t understand fully the severity spectrum but it’s possible the case fatality rate could be as high as two per cent.’

If the death rate is truly two per cent, that means two out of every 100 patients who get it will die. 

‘My feeling is it’s lower,’ Dr Horby added. ‘We’re probably missing this iceberg of milder cases. But that’s the current circumstance we’re in.

‘Two per cent case fatality rate is comparable to the Spanish Flu pandemic in 1918 so it is a significant concern globally.’

How does the virus spread?

The illness can spread between people just through coughs and sneezes, making it an extremely contagious infection. And it may also spread even before someone has symptoms.

It is believed to travel in the saliva and even through water in the eyes, therefore close contact, kissing, and sharing cutlery or utensils are all risky. It can also live on surfaces, such as plastic and steel, for up to 72 hours, meaning people can catch it by touching contaminated surfaces.

Originally, people were thought to be catching it from a live animal market in Wuhan city. But cases soon began to emerge in people who had never been there, which forced medics to realise it was spreading from person to person. 

What does the virus do to you? What are the symptoms?

Once someone has caught the COVID-19 virus it may take between two and 14 days, or even longer, for them to show any symptoms – but they may still be contagious during this time.

If and when they do become ill, typical signs include a runny nose, a cough, sore throat and a fever (high temperature). The vast majority of patients will recover from these without any issues, and many will need no medical help at all.

In a small group of patients, who seem mainly to be the elderly or those with long-term illnesses, it can lead to pneumonia. Pneumonia is an infection in which the insides of the lungs swell up and fill with fluid. It makes it increasingly difficult to breathe and, if left untreated, can be fatal and suffocate people.

Figures are showing that young children do not seem to be particularly badly affected by the virus, which they say is peculiar considering their susceptibility to flu, but it is not clear why. 

What have genetic tests revealed about the virus? 

Scientists in China have recorded the genetic sequences of around 19 strains of the virus and released them to experts working around the world. 

This allows others to study them, develop tests and potentially look into treating the illness they cause.   

Examinations have revealed the coronavirus did not change much – changing is known as mutating – much during the early stages of its spread.

However, the director-general of China’s Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Gao Fu, said the virus was mutating and adapting as it spread through people.

This means efforts to study the virus and to potentially control it may be made extra difficult because the virus might look different every time scientists analyse it.   

More study may be able to reveal whether the virus first infected a small number of people then change and spread from them, or whether there were various versions of the virus coming from animals which have developed separately.

How dangerous is the virus?  

The virus has a death rate of around two per cent. This is a similar death rate to the Spanish Flu outbreak which, in 1918, went on to kill around 50million people.

Experts have been conflicted since the beginning of the outbreak about whether the true number of people who are infected is significantly higher than the official numbers of recorded cases. Some people are expected to have such mild symptoms that they never even realise they are ill unless they’re tested, so only the more serious cases get discovered, making the death toll seem higher than it really is.

However, an investigation into government surveillance in China said it had found no reason to believe this was true.

Dr Bruce Aylward, a World Health Organization official who went on a mission to China, said there was no evidence that figures were only showing the tip of the iceberg, and said recording appeared to be accurate, Stat News reported.

Can the virus be cured? 

The COVID-19 virus cannot be cured and it is proving difficult to contain.

Antibiotics do not work against viruses, so they are out of the question. Antiviral drugs can work, but the process of understanding a virus then developing and producing drugs to treat it would take years and huge amounts of money.

No vaccine exists for the coronavirus yet and it’s not likely one will be developed in time to be of any use in this outbreak, for similar reasons to the above.

The National Institutes of Health in the US, and Baylor University in Waco, Texas, say they are working on a vaccine based on what they know about coronaviruses in general, using information from the SARS outbreak. But this may take a year or more to develop, according to Pharmaceutical Technology.

Currently, governments and health authorities are working to contain the virus and to care for patients who are sick and stop them infecting other people.

People who catch the illness are being quarantined in hospitals, where their symptoms can be treated and they will be away from the uninfected public.

And airports around the world are putting in place screening measures such as having doctors on-site, taking people’s temperatures to check for fevers and using thermal screening to spot those who might be ill (infection causes a raised temperature).

However, it can take weeks for symptoms to appear, so there is only a small likelihood that patients will be spotted up in an airport.

Is this outbreak an epidemic or a pandemic?   

The outbreak was declared a pandemic on March 11. A pandemic is defined by the World Health Organization as the ‘worldwide spread of a new disease’. 

Previously, the UN agency said most cases outside of Hubei had been ‘spillover’ from the epicentre, so the disease wasn’t actually spreading actively around the world.


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